Data Analysis Project

This project (which is more of a major assignment)You must submit your document as a pdf into the dropbox on courselink by that time.
There are 4 parts to this project: 1. Data analysis and write-up of conclusions for a one-sample problem. (10 marks) 2. Data analysis and write-up of conclusions for a two-sample problem. (10 marks) 3. Data analysis and write-up of conclusions for another two-sample problem. (5 marks)
4. Reading part of a given journal article, answering a few questions, and doing an analysis of
data from the article. (5 marks)
Each part is based on information from a published study. Each one of the 4 journal articles is
available from the University of Guelph library website. If you are off-campus, then you must use
the off-campus sign on (top right of the page) before proceeding to the journal article. One way to
find the articles is to go to http://www.lib.uoguelph.ca, click on E-Journals list, and search for the
journal title. You can also search for the article title in Primo (on the library site).
This project is worth 16% of your final grade. You will be marked on: 1) Getting the proper R output
and plots, 2) Validity of your statistical conclusions and interpretations, 3) Writing style (grammar
and clear concise language count!), 4) Presentation. Note that you must use R to complete this
project. You must submit a single pdf document that contains your responses to all 4 sections. Any individual
section (not including plots) shouldn’t be more than a single double-spaced page. Including plots,
your entire submission shouldn’t be more than 6 or 7 pages (and can be less).
1 Part I: Crayfish Carapace Lengths
Harlioglu et al. (2012) investigated several characteristics of crayfish in a freshwater lake in Turkey.
Twenty-five adult male Astacus leptodactylus crayfish were sampled and several variables were recorded.
One of the variables was carapace length (mm). The data is contained in the data set s2040DE_W15_crayfish,
which can be found on the courselink site. You must import this data set into R to carry out the
analysis.
For your write-up to be complete, you must: • Plot a boxplot of the carapace lengths and comment on it. • Plot a normal quantile-quantile plot of the carapace lengths. Comment on the shape of the
distribution. Comment on the suitability of the t procedures for this data. • Use R to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. Include the output from
R in your submission. • Give an appropriate interpretation of the 95% confidence interval given by R, in the context
of the problem. To what population do your conclusions apply? Comment on any biases that
might be present. If you feel there is an appropriate one-sample hypothesis test here, carry it out and properly
interpret the results. If you do not feel there is a natural hypothesis test of interest in this
situation, then say so and justify your position. Your submission must include the boxplot, the normal QQ plot, and the R output, in addition to
your comments and interpretation.
2 Part II: Swimming Speed of Rats
Santori et al. (2014) investigated various characteristics of swimming in different species of semiaquatic
water rat. This part of the project involves analysis of this data.
The study compared various swimming characteristics of 4 species of rat, but here we will look only
at Nectomys rattus and Nectomys squamipes. In one part of the study, the swimming speed of the
rats was recorded. Swimming speeds for 14 N. rattus and 15 N. squamipes rats can be found in the
file s2040DE_W15_rats on the courselink site. (The values given in this file are based on the results
of the study, but the summary statistics are not exactly the same as those given in the article. You
must use the data contained in this file to answer this question.) You will need to import the data
into R and do an appropriate statistical analysis. (This will involve a two-sample t procedure of some
sort.)
For your write-up to be complete, you must:• Plot side-by-side box plots of the data (in one plot), and comment on the plot.
• Plot normal quantile-quantile plots for the two groups separately. • In a single paragraph, comment on the appropriateness of the two-sample t procedures in
this setting. Also, justify your choice of using the pooled-variance t procedure, or the Welch
procedure. (Which one did you choose, and why.) • Give the R output for your choice of procedure. • Interpret the results, including commenting on the results of the test of the null hypothesis
that the true mean swimming speed is the same for both species of rat, and an appropriate
interpretation of a relevant confidence interval. Interpretations must relate to the problem at
hand. • Comment on what population your conclusions apply to.
Your submission must include the boxplots, normal QQ plots, and the R output, in addition to your
comments and interpretation. 3 Response times in truth tellers and liars
Walczyk et al. (2013) investigated possible differences between truth tellers and liars when questioned
about a mock crime. Participants in a psychology experiment were randomly assigned to a truth
telling group, an unrehearsed lying group, or a rehearsed lying group (where the individuals were
allowed to see the questions and think about their responses in advance). We will ignore the rehearsed
lying group and compare the unrehearsed lying group to the truth tellers.
In one aspect of the study, the researchers suspected that liars would tend to take longer to respond
to questions when compared to truth tellers.
Table 1 illustrates the time to respond statistics for
yes/no questions.
Truth tellers X¯
1 = 638 s1 = 238 n1 = 44
Unrehearsed liars X¯
2 = 881 s2 = 358 n2 = 47
Table 1: Time to respond (milliseconds) for individuals questioned about a mock crime.
Choose an appropriate t procedure to analyze this data, and justify your choice of procedure. Construct
a 95% confidence interval for µ1 − µ2 and give a proper interpretation of the interval. Carry
out an appropriate hypothesis test (give appropriate hypotheses in words and symbols, test statistic,
p-value and conclusion). Interpret the results in the context of the problem at hand.

4 Sudden death in adults
In order to complete this section, you will need to get this paper:
Naneix et al. (2015). Sudden adult death: An autopsy series of 534 cases with gender and control
comparison. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 32:10–15
On page 12 of this article, the authors state that “The deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases were
more frequent in males than in females (p < 0.0001).” In words and symbols, what are the hypotheses
of the test that yielded this p-value? In your own words, give a conclusion to the hypothesis test.
Consider the values given in Table 1 of this article. Suppose we wish to test the null hypothesis
that male and female victims of sudden death have the same distribution of cause of death. Choose
an appropriate test and carry out the test. Give hypotheses, value of the test statistic, p-value and