Lab 10. Write your own UNIX Shell, part 2. Solved

Student will work with process management and some basic system calls.
Important note: please use sp1, sp2, sp3, or atoz servers for this lab.
UNIX Shell
In Lab9 we did the 3 built-in commands: cd, pwd, exit.l Now we need to add an exec and code to handle redirection.
FILES TO COPY:
To get the file you need, first move to your class folder by typing: cd csc60
The following command will create a directory named lab10 and put all the needed files into it below your csc60 directory.
Type: cp -R /gaia/home/faculty/bielr/classfiles_csc60/lab10 .
Spaces needed: (1) After the cp ↑ Don’t miss the space & dot.
(2) After the -R
(3) After the directory name at the end & before the dot.
After the files are in your account and you are still in csc60, you need to type: chmod 755 lab10
This will give permissions to the directory.
Still in csc60, type: cp lab9/lab9.c lab10/lab10.c
We have copied lab9 code and renamed it to lab10.c for you to start work on it.
Next move into lab10 directory and type: chmod 644 *
This will set permissions on the files.
Your new lab10 directory should now contain: lab10.c, waitpid.c, redir.c
A lot of code to be used in Lab10 is currently commented out.
Use the file Lab9-10 GuideToRemoveComments (on SacCT) to guide you to remove a set of the extra
comments.
Pseudo Code (Yellow highlight indicates the code from Lab9.)
/*----------------------------------------------------------*/
int main (void)
{
while (TRUE)
{
int childPid;
char *cmdLine;
print the prompt(); /* i.e. csc60mshell , Use printf*/
fgets(cmdline, MAXLINE, stdin);
Call the function parseline, sending in cmdline & argv, getting back argc
/* code to print out the argc and the agrv list to make sure it all came in. */
/* This code is not required for lab10. You may leave it in or get rid of it near the end. */
Print a line. Ex: “Argc = %i”
loop starting at zero, thru less than agrc, increment by one.
print each argv[loop counter]

more on next page
CSC 60. Spring 2017. Lab 10. Write your own UNIX Shell, part 2.
Page 2 of 5.
/* Start processing the built-in commands */
/* Done in lab9 */
/* Start processing the built-in commands */
if ( argc compare equal to zero)
/* a command was not entered, might have been just Enter or a space&Enter */
continue to end of while(TRUE)-loop
// next deal with the built-in commands
// Use strcmp to do the test
// after each command, do a continue to end of while(TRUE)-loop
if (“exit”)
issue an exit call
else if (“pwd”)
declare a char variable array of size MAX_PATH_LENGTH to hold the path
do a getcwd
print the path
else if (“cd”)
declare a char variable dir as a pointer (with an *)
if the argc is 1
use the getenv call with “HOME” and return the value from the call to variable dir
else
variable dir gets assigned the value of argv[1]
execute a call to chdir(dir) with error checking. Message = “error changing directory”
else /* fork off a process. This section was commented out for lab9. */
{
pid = fork();
switch(pid)
{
case -1:
perror("Shell Program fork error");
exit(1);
case 0:
/* I am child process.
* I will execute the command, call: execvp */
process_input(argc, argv);
break;
default:
/* I am parent process */
if (wait(&status) == -1)
perror("Shell Program error");
else
printf("Child returned status: %d\n",status);
break;
} /* end of the switch */
} /* end of it-else-if that starts with EXIT */ //This line got left out accidentally.
} /* end of the while(TRUE)-loop
} /* end of main
more on next page
CSC 60. Spring 2017. Lab 10. Write your own UNIX Shell, part 2.
Page 3 of 5.
void process_input (int argc, char **argv)
{
call handle_redir passing it argc and argv
call execvp passing in argv[0] and argv and return a value to an integer variable
if (returned_value == -1)
error check and do _exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
void handle_redir(int count, char *agrv[])
You need two integer variables to keep track of the location in the string of the redirection
symbols, (one for out_redir (), one for in_redir (<). Initialize them to zero.
for loop from 0 to < count
if ( “” == 0) // use strcmp function
if out_redir not equal 0
Cannot output to more than one file. print error. _exit failure.
else if loop_counter compares equal 0
No command entered. print error. _exit failure.
set out_redir to the current loop_counter.
else if (“<” == 0) // use strcmp function
if (in_redir not equal 0)
Cannot input from more than one file. print error. _exit failure.
else if loop_counter compares equal 0
No command entered. print error. _exit failure.
set in_redir to the current loop_counter.
// end of the for loop
if(out_redir != 0)
open the file using name from argv, indexed by out_redir+1,
and assign returned value to fd. [See 6-Unix, slide 21]
use flags: to write; to create file if needed; to truncate existing file to zero length
use permission bits for: user-read; user-write
error check the open. _exit
Call dup2 to switch standard-out to the value of the file descriptor.
close the file
Set things up for the future exec call by setting argv[out_redir] to NULL
if(in_redir != 0)
if argv (indexed by in_redir+1) contains a NULL
There is no file, so print an error, and _exit in failure.
open the file using name from argv, indexed by in_redir+1,
and assign returned value to fd. use flags; for read only
error check the open. _exit
Call dup2 to switch standard-in to the value of the file descriptor.
close the file
Set things up for the future exec call by setting argv[in_redir] to NULL
CSC 60. Spring 2017. Lab 10. Write your own UNIX Shell, part 2.
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Resources
Useful Unix System Calls
See PowerPoint Slides named Lab10 Slides
C Library functions:
#include <string.h
String compare:
int strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);
strcmp(argv[0],"cd")
strcmp(argv[0],"exit")
strcmp(argv[0],"pwd")
strcmp(….,"")
strcmp(….,"<")
print a system error message:
perror("Shell Program error");
Compilation & Building your program
The use of gcc is just fine. If you want to have the output go elsewhere from a.out, type:
gcc –o name-of-executable name-of-source-code
Partnership
Students may form a group of 2 students (maximum) to work on this lab. As usual, please always
contact your instructor for questions or clarification.
Hints
Writing your shell in a simple manner is a matter of finding the relevant library routines and calling them
properly. Please see the resources section above.
Keep versions of your code. This is in case you need to go back to your older version due to an
unforeseen bug/issue.
A lot of code to be used in Lab10 is currently commented out.
Use the file Lab9-10 GuideToRemoveComments to guide you to remove a set of the extra comments.
Marks Distribution
Lab 10 is worth 90 points. The program is due on May 9 by 11:59pm.
Notes for programs with two students
All code files should include both names.
Using vim, create a small file with both of your names in it. When you start your script file, cat
that file so both names show up in the script file.
CSC 60. Spring 2017. Lab 10. Write your own UNIX Shell, part 2.
Page 5 of 5.
Deliverables
Submit two files to SacCT:
1. Lab10.c
2. YourName_Lab10.txt
• Your program’s output test (with various test cases).
• Please use the UNIX script command to capture your program’s output.
• Details below.
Preparing your script file:
Be located in csc60/lab10 directory.
Run the program, and enter in sequence:
ls lsout
cat lsout
ls lsout file1 // should produce an error
cat foo.txt // should produce an error
lsout // should produce an error
< lsout // should produce an error
wc < lsout // output will go to the screen
wc < lsout wcout
cat wcout
wc < lsout < wcout // should produce an error
cd ../lab1 // move to lab1 directory
gcc lab1.c
a.out //show output of lab1
exit (exit from the shell)
exit (exit from the script)
When finished, submit your script file to SacCT. (The script file will NOT contain the contents of lab10.c.)