Consider the design and characterization process for a Phase Detector (PD) used to determine the polarity of the phase of two clock signal. The two 1GHz input clock signals are named clk_ref and clk_target. The output is an onebit flag signal, called lead_lag. At each clock cycle, if the rising edge of clk_target arrives earlier than that of clk_ref, then the output lead_lag becomes ‘0’ (to indicate a leading condition). On the other hand, if the rising edge of clk_target arrives later than that of clk_ref, then the output lead_lag becomes ‘1’ (to indicate a lagging condition).
(a) Compose the SPICE circuit files for each of the 3 PDs discussed in class – (1) simple Flip-Flop based PD, (2) A sense amplifier based PD, and (3) racing based PD with 2 Flip-Flops, 1 racing circuit, and 1 SR latch.
(b) Run pre-layout SPICE simulation with two scenarios in terms of the two clock signals – (1) clk_target lags clk_ref by 10ps, and (2) clk_target leads clk_ref by 10ps. Report your output waveforms, respectively for the 3 types of PDs.
(c) Run pre-layout SPICE simulation to characterize the “Flipping Input Phase (FIP)” using the “sweeping input stimuli” shown in Fig. 1 below. Note that the “Input Phase” here is defined as the “the phase of clk_ref” minus “the phase of clk_target”. Use a table to summarize the FIB values of the 3 different PDs. Note that, for a PD, a smaller absolute FIP value indicates a higher resolution. Rank the resolution of the 3 different PDs.
Input Phase -10ps -9ps 0ps +9ps +10ps
(a) Sweeping Input stimuli to derive Flipping Input Phase (FIP) value
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 Input Phase (ps)
(b) The lead/lag signal of a PD (indicating a FIP value of -2ps)
Fig. 1. Illustration of the Flipping Input Phase (FIP) value of a PD.
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Try to compose the behavior model for each of the 3 PDs using Verilog while including the FIB values you have derived in (c). Also, develop a testbench in Verilog generating the above “sweeping input stimuli” to verify that your behavior models are correct in producing the expected FIP value for each of the 3 different PDs.
