ECSE222-Assignment 4 Design and Implementation of a 4-Bit Comparator Solved

In the previous VHDL assignments, you have learned several types of assignment statements such as simple assignment statements, selected assignment statements, and conditional assignment statements. All of these statements have the property that the order in which they appear in the VHDL code does not affect the meaning of the code, that is, it does not affect the synthesized circuit. For this reason, these statements are usually referred to as concurrent assignment statements.

VHDL also has a second category of statements, called sequential assignment statements, for which the order of the statements may affect the meaning of the code. In the following, we briefly discuss this new kind of statements. They are described in more detail in Sections 6.6.6 and 6.6.7 of the textbook. Please read these sections before you attempt this assignment. Additional details can be found in Appendix A.9 of the textbook.

The two main types of sequential assignment statements are: if-then-else statements and case statements. These sequential assignment statements must be placed inside a block, called a process block. The PROCESS block starts with the keyword “PROCESS”. It has an optional label and a sensitivity list. Following the PROCESS keyword is the statement “BEGIN”. Any statement between “BEGIN” and the “END PROCESS label;” are sequential statements.

label : PROCESS (sensitivity list)

BEGIN

--sequential statements

END PROCESS label ;
The sensitivity list contains signals. Unlike concurrent statements which are executed all the time, the process block is activated only when one of the signals in its sensitivity list changes its value. Once activated, the statements inside the process block are executed sequentially in the order they appear in the block. There are two things to note: (i) Any assignments made to signals inside the process are not visible outside the process until all of the statements in the process have been evaluated; (ii) in case of multiple assignments to the same signal, only the last one determines the final value of the signal. Also note that VHDL allows multiple processes to be described within the same architecture.

1.1       IF-THEN-ELSE Statements
IF-THEN-ELSE statements are used to modify the behavior of your function depending on whether one or more conditions hold. The syntax of IF-THEN-ELSE statements is shown below. Note that the “END IF” must be separated by a space.

IF condition THEN

-- sequential statements ELSE

-- sequential statements END IF;
You may have nested IF and ELSE as follows:

IF condition THEN

-- sequential statements ELSIF condition THEN

-- sequential statements ELSIF condition THEN

-- sequential statements ELSE

-- sequential statements

END IF;
In this structure only one of the branches is executed depending on the condition. Even if there are several conditions which are true in this structure only the first TRUE condition will be followed. After the execution of the sequential statements within the first true condition the statements after the END IF will be executed next. Therefore it is very important to write the order of IF blocks and ELSIF blocks according to your desired behavior.

1.2       CASE Statements
CASE statements consider all of the possible values that an object can take and execute a different branch depending on the current value of the object as shown next.

CASE object IS

WHEN value1 =>

-- statements

WHEN value2 =>

-- statements

WHEN value3 =>

-- statements -- etc.

WHEN OTHERS =>

-- statements

END CASE;
Note that the CASE statement must include a WHEN clause for each of the possible values of object. This necessitates a WHEN OTHERS clause if some of possible values of object are not covered by WHEN clauses.

2        4-Bit Comparator
Comparators are a useful type of arithmetic circuits that compare the relative sizes of two binary numbers. In this assignment you will implement a 4-bit comparator circuit that takes two 4-bit unsigned inputs A and B, and determines which one of the cases A = (B +1),A < (B +1),A ≤ (B +1),A > (B +1),A ≥ (B +1) holds. It should detect the occurrence of overflow when performing B + 1, i.e., detect if B + 1 requires more than 4 bits. Use the following entity declaration for your implementation of the comparator circuit.

library              IEEE;

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.NUMERIC_STD.ALL;

entity four_bit_comparator i s

Port (A, B                                 : in                      std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);

AgtBplusOne                           : out           std_logic ;

AgteBplusOne                         : out           std_logic ;

AltBplusOne                            : out           std_logic ;

AlteBplusOne               : out            std_logic ; AeqBplusOne                    : out            std_logic ; overflow     : out                    std_logic );

end four_bit_comparator;
Note that in case of overflow when performing B+1, the comparator circuit outputs 1 for the overflow signal while the remaining signals (i.e., AgtBplusOne, AgteBplusOne, AltBplusOne, AlteBplusOne and AlteBplusOne) are set to 0. Otherwise, the circuits outputs proper values for AgtBplusOne, AgteBplusOne, AltBplusOne, AlteBplusOne and AeqBplusOne signals according to A > (B+1),A ≥ (B+1),A < (B+1),A ≤ (B+1),A = (B+1), respectively, while the overflow signal is set to 0. For example, if A = 910 and B = 510 then both AgtBplusOne, AgteBplusOne should be 1, while the rest (including overflow) should be 0.

To describe your 4-bit comparator in VHDL, use sequential statements in a single process block. Once you have described your circuit in VHDL, simulate and verify the circuit.


4        Questions
Please note that even if some of the waveforms may look the same, you still need to include them separately in the report.

1.   Briefly explain your VHDL code implementation of all circuits.

2.   Given that A = 510, provide a separate simulation plot that demonstrates all possible cases for the 4-bit comparator, including a separate plot for the case where overflow occurs. A total of four plots should be included. Explain each plot and mark all inputs and outputs clearly.

3.   Perform timing analysis of the 4-bit comparator and find the critical path(s) of the circuit. What is the delay of the critical path(s)?

4.   Report the number of pins and logic modules used to fit your 4-bit comparator design on the FPGA board.