1) [20 pts] Five recovery techniques are listed below. For each situation described, decide which of the following recovery techniques is most appropriate.
• Backward recovery
• Forward recovery (from latest checkpoint)
• Forward recovery (using backup copy of database)
• Reprocessing transactions
• Switch
a) [5 pts] A phone disconnection occurs while a user is entering a transaction.
b) [5 pts] A disk drive fails during regular operations.
c) [5 pts] A lightning storm causes a power failure.
d) [5 pts] An incorrect amount is entered and posted for a student tuition payment. The error is not discovered for several weeks.
e) [5 pts] Data entry clerks have entered transactions for two hours after a full database backup when the database becomes corrupted. It is discovered that the journalizing facility of the database has not been activated since the backup was made.
2) [10 pts] What is the advantage of optimistic concurrency control compared with pessimistic concurrency control?
3) [10 pts] What is the difference between shared locks and exclusive locks?
4) [10 pts] What is the difference between deadlock prevention and deadlock resolution?
5) [10 pts] Briefly describe four DBMS facilities that are required for database backup and recovery.
6) [10 pts] What is transaction integrity? Why is it important?
7) [10 pts] List and describe four common types of database failure.
8) [10 pts] Briefly describe four threats to high data availability and at least one measure that can be taken to counter each of these threats.
9) [10 pts] List and briefly explain the ACID properties of a database transaction.
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