2143 Test 2 - Basic Concepts Solution

Study Guide
Some examples for lots of these topics I placed HERE.
Some Class Operators
Operators:
What is the dot . operator for?
What does the tilde ~ imply? (And not bitwise operations).
What does the -> arrow operator imply?
Slightly Random Statements
Write a single C++ statement that dynamically allocates a single int and initializes it to 99.
Write one or more C++ statements that dynamically allocates an array of 99 ints and initializes each one to zero
Inheritance
https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/inheritance
Super Class vs Sub Class
Base Class vs Derived Class
Parent Class vs Child Class
Multilevel vs Hierarchical vs Multiple Inheritance Relationships:
Is-A, Has-A, Kind-Of,
Inherit vs Composition
Friend Function
When is the friend keyword used?
Can you think of an example of when not to use it?
Some claim that using the Friend keyword breaks encapsulation. What do you find to be the answer? https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17434/when-should-you-use-friend-in-c https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/friends https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/friend-function-class
Polymorphism
Compile Time Polymorphism or Static Polymorphism
(aka early binding or Static binding)
Function overloading
Operator overloading
Runtime Polymorphism or Dynamic Polymorphism
(aka late binding or dynamic binding)
Function overriding Virtual Functions Questions:
What is a virtual function? Is it necessary?
What is a pure virtual function?
The destructor of base class should always be virtual. Why is that? https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/polymorphism https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/function-overriding https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/virtual-functions https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/pure-virtual-funtion
Abstract Classes
(Overlap with virtual and pure virtual above)
What is an abstract class?
How can we make a class abstract?
How many objects can be created from an abstract class? https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_interfaces.htm https://isocpp.org/wiki/faq/abcs
Protection / Access
Default protection of a class is?
Default protection of a struct is?
What can access private data members or member functions of a class?
What type type of data member can be shared by all instances of its class?
Class vs Definition
Be able to compare and contrast:
class definition vs class implementation class vs object (aka instance)
Constructors / Destructors
Constructors and Destructors Example:
Which can take parameters and which cannot?
When are each of them run?
Why Inheritance?
List three reasons why it is useful to be able to inherit characteristics from parent classes
Code reuse: Inheritance allows code to be reused across multiple classes. By defining common functionality in a parent class,derived classes can inherit that functionality without having to implement it again.
Polymorphism: Inheritance enables polymorphism, which allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same class.
This can simplify code and make it more flexible.
Hierarchical organization: Inheritance allows classes to be organized hierarchically based on their relationships to one another. This can make the code easier to understand and maintain.
Resources
https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/function-template https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/polymorphism https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/inheritance https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/public-protected-private-inheritance
https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/polymorphism https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/function-overriding https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/virtual-functions https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/pure-virtual-funtion https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/multilevel-multiple-inheritance https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/friend-function-class
The course I need the questions for is Object Oriented Programming. I would like to generate some questions that will ask a student to finish or add the necessary code to an existing C++ code sample. The theme for most of my questions dealing with inheritance happens to be dungeons and dragons since character classes fit with the inheritence model. So to get started, could we simply generate a single abstract base character class that has some standard data members, and at least three pure virtual functions assuming a sub class would implement them.